After implementing subresource integrity and switching over to CloudFlare, I noticed resources like CSS and JavaScript were breaking on my site. I ran into the same issue as this guy. CloudFlare presents these options and I didn't think twice about turning them on.
Because there's an integrity hash on these files, they fail to load when modified. CloudFlare's 'auto-minification' changes, causing the hash check to fail.
After turning off these optimizations, CSS and JavaScript started loading again (after purging the cache). I still want to minify my CSS and JS, but I'll have to implement it on the server side.